Increased risk of water quality deterioration under climate change in Ganga River

The industrialized stretch of Kanpur is considered to be one the most polluted stretches Ganga River, with untreated sewage, industrial discharge, and agricultural runoff. Risk assessment studies on water quality for future scenarios are limited this river. In study, we assess effect climate change quality, risk eutrophication, fish kill mid end twenty-first century river stretch. parameters dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical demand (BOD), ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen (TN), organic-, inorganic- phosphorous (TP), fecal coliform (FC). eutrophication quantified using simulated concentrations nutrients DO, respectively. Downscaled projections two (RCP4.5 RCP8.5) used drive a hydrological model coupled simulation model. Our simulations indicate potential deterioration in mid-twenty-first century, increase pollutant concentration by more than 50% due alone. However, slight improvement relative which can attributed increased streamflow during low-flow periods summer mean precipitation. reduced organic nutrient pollution, warming rise frequency events reduction events. nitrate microbial pollution because an denitrification rate pathogen decay warming. found 43.5 15% alone century. findings could helpful planners resource management take necessary actions improve River